The Security Professionals, Inc.
When you need security, you can count on us.
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Anuria: absence of urine |
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Oliguria: Diminished urine output. |
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Ileum: Last portion of the small intestine connecting to the large intestine |
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Cyanosis Lack of oxygen, blue color |
| Dyspnea. Lack of adequate oxygen, air hunger |
Cholera is an acute, specific infection, involving primarily the lower portion of the ileum, manifested by profuse purging, vomiting and muscular cramps, dehydration, anuria and collapse.
Cholera is spread by the ingestion of water, milk or other foods that have been contaminated by the excrement of infected carriers and to some extent, flies. Most people are free of the bacillus within a month. Contamination occurs more often in warm countries, since cold weather inhibits the growth of V.Comma (Cholera), and is found mainly in the water supply.
Severe generalized dehydration is present. The infection resides mainly in the ileum.
Usually the incubation period is 2 to 3 days, but can be from 1 to 6 days. The course of the disease can be mild to severe. Onset of the disease manifests itself with mild diarrhea and loss of sphincter control. There is a feeling of weight and oppression, or colicky pains in the abdomen. Muscle spasms, similar to heat cramps are frequent. Typical stools resemble rice water, or mucus shreds. Nausea and vomiting are common and follow diarrhea resulting in dehydration.
The victim exhibits intense thirst, wrinkled skin, shrunken eyeballs, hollow cheeks, cyanosis and dyspnea. Oliguria and anuria ensue. Blood pressure decreases, pulse, respirations increase. Temperature remains normal, or below normal (98.6F / oral). Death may follow from complications resulting from severe dehydration, circulatory collapse or electrolyte loss.
Evidence of recovery becomes apparent in nonfatal cases about the 3rd day of the illness. Uncommonly, a typhoid-like state may ensue and persist for a longer time. Re-establishment of voiding is the first favorable sign. Vomiting gradually stop and stools become formed. The temperature rises to 101-103 degrees orally and the abdominal pain disappears.
Must be distinguished from other causes of diarrhea. Laboratory findings confirm cholera via stool, blood and urine examination.
It is essential to combat dehydration, acidosis and circulatory collapse and to restore electrolyte balance by the administration of IV’s. While the victim is vomiting, food and oral fluids should not be given. As soon as tolerated, water, tea and liquid food may be started. Solid food should be withheld until vomiting has been controlled and food is desired.
Usefulness of antibiotics is limited
Information provided by Sharyn M. Davis, RN BS, The Security Professionals, Inc. Health Advisor/Source Merck Manual.
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